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In sharePoint 2010 we can create two kind of custom WebParts :

1. Visual WebPart - While creating a Visual webpart you will have a design interface available with you, where you can simply drag and drop checkboxes, labels or your own custom controls to make up the webpart UI. To add the business logic, a code behind file is also attached to the webpart.

Technically, a Visual webpart in SharePoint 2010 is a ascx User Control that is hosted inside a standard asp.net webpart. If you notice that the webpart class does not now inherit form a Microsoft.SharePoint.webpartpages.webparts or System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts instead it inherits from UserControl namespace.
Visual Web Parts enable developers to build Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Web Parts by using a design surface in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. This functionality enables developers to drag user controls from the Toolbox to build the Visual Web Part's user interface.

2. Standard AsP.NET WbeParts -

 Here you will have to build uo your user interface and logic in a class file.
Unlike, visual webpart standad asp.net webparts in SharePoint 2010 does not gives you any drag and drop design surface
 for developing WebPart UI. This type of webpart Inherits from Standard ASP.Net webpart instead of UserControl
or SharePoint.webpart.

contenttype

A content type is a reusable collection of settings that can be defined and applied to data in a Microsoft SharePoint list or library.

event receiver

Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 provides a project type that enables you to build event receivers that perform actions before or after selected events on a Microsoft SharePoint 2010 site. This example shows how to add an event to the adding and updating actions for custom list items.

Sharepoint Definition‏?

Microsoft SharePoint is an enterprise collaboration and content management platform which enables users to connect each other and share the information across an organization.
Indirectly which solves the problems in an organization to share the documents, security, business process, maintaining data etc. SharePoint 2010 has rich UI and plenty of features.
Microsoft SharePoint 2010 makes it easier for people to work together.
Using SharePoint 2010, your people can set up Web sites to share information with others, manage documents from start to finish, and publish reports to help everyone make better decisions.
Sharepoint 2010 would allows you to browse sharepoint website across all popular browser.

Key Features

• New User Interface including new Ribbon
• Web Edit
• Silverlight Web Part
• Rich Theming
• Multiple Browser Support
• Visio Services
• SharePoint Designer
• Business Connectivity Services (the evolution of the Business Data Catalog)
• SharePoint Workspace
• Rich Media Support
• Central Administration
• FastSearch

Difference between sharepoint server and sharepoint foundation 2010?

if you want a good platform for a basic intranet plus collaboration and project management, then SharePoint Foundation may be just what you need. If you need the best web content management, more advanced document management, or tight integration with Excel, Access, and Visio, then SharePoint Server is what you need.

Microsoft SharePoint Foundation, which is the free product in the SharePoint family of products. 

Microsoft SharePoint Server has the additional features like tagging features for social content, targeting audiences, 

routing, auditing, search with advanced capabilities and tools for handling rich media.

 Difference between Library vs List ?

Library is used to store the document and Lists are the container of similar items in form of rows and columns. In Library you can create core document like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. But in List You cannot create document, instead of that you can attach document in a particular List.

Sharepoint2010 object model?

SharePoint 2007 allows using its Object model to run against a server running SharePoint. For clients (not running SharePoint in the box), the simplest way to communicate with SharePoint server is web services. SharePoint Client Object Model (OM) can be run on client PC (where SharePoint is not installed) to communicate with SharePoint server. So whereas SharePoint (Server) Object Model runs in a SharePoint server and can manipulate SharePoint objects, client OM can run in client PC and communicate with SharePoint server remotely.

SharePoint 2010 introduces three new client APIs which can be used to interact with SharePoint sites. The three APIs are targeted for three different types of clients:

1. For .NET managed applications (for example, console applications, window applications, web applications, etc. which are not running inside SharePoint Context).
2. For Silverlight applications.
3. For using with JavaScript (called ECMAScript). This API is only available for applications hosted inside SharePoint (for example, web part deployed in SharePoint site can use this JavaScript API for accessing SharePoint from browser using JavaScript).

Server (Microsoft.SharePoint)	Client Object Model
SPContext	ClientContext
SPSite	Site
SPWeb	Web
SPList	List
SPListItem	ListItem
SPField	Field

Differece between sitepages and application pages?

There are two types of pages in SharePoint.
1. Site Pages
2. Application Pages
Common on them: They both inherit their layout from the same master page.

1. Site Pages:
- A site page contains text, images, web parts etc and Site pages are stored in the file system.

- An end user can create, edit or customized a site page using sharepoint designer or browser.

- Once an end user modified the site page using SharePoint designer, the template for this page is stored in the content database rather in file system. So every time a user requested the page, the page is retrieved from the content database. At the same time you can also reset to the
original template using designer.

- A site page can contain inline server code, but once it becomes customized it can not contain. A site page can also host features such as dynamic Web Parts, and Web Part Zones.

Example: Default.aspx

2. Application Pages:
- Application pages are stored on the file system of the front-end Web server in the %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS directory. This folder is mapped to an Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directory called _layouts.

- Application page is complied into a single DLL, that why performance is better than site pages.
These pages are share accross all the sites in the web application.

- An application page can not host features such as dynamic Web Parts, and Web Part Zones.

- It support inline code and also if you want to run custom code then it is better to use application pages.

Example: Settings.aspx

What is Sandbox solution?

When user writing custom code then it is not trusted, its failure causses on entire site. So the sandbox solution concept is used. In that case program is only written for particular site & solution is uploaded in the same site. The solution size limit is decided at the time of site creation & if size increases or code showing bad performance then it is easy to administrator to stop the working of solution.

What is the difference between Sandbox solution & farm solution?

We can create sandbox solution for particular site but not for the entire site collection or farm. It is not applicable for farm solution. There are some restriction while creating the sandbox solution.

Why we use the properties.current.web instead of SPContext.Current.web in event receiver?

When we deploy project from Visual studio then we can use the SPContext.Current.web but when we use the powershell to activate or deactive the feature then we have to use properties.current.web beacuse there is no access of browser here.

Which are default master pages in Sharepoint 2010?

1.v4.master - This is default master page.
2. default.master - this is used to support the 2007 user interface
3.minimal.master
4. simple.master- it is used for accessdenied.aspx, confirmation.aspx, error.aspx, login.aspx, reqacc.aspx, signout.aspx & webdeleted.aspx pages.

What is the difference between CustomMasterUrl & MasterUrl?

MasterUrl is used to change the layout of all use end pages but CustomMasterUrl is for changing the layout of admin side pages.

What are the zones in SharePoint?

1. Zones provides the separate logical paths of authentication for the same web application.

2. We can create 5 zones for each web application as follows :
a.Default
b.Intranet
c.Extranet
d.Internet
e.Custom

3. Each zone represented by different web sites in IIS.

What is WebApplication in SharePoint?

1. In SharePoint WebApplication is a IIS website.

2. From Central Admin we can create the web application. Each web application is associated with one IIS web site.

3. Once the web application is created, we can extend the web application in different zones.

4. For each web application, content database is created.

What is CAML?

CAML is the collaborative application markup language. This is the XML-based language used to customize and to develop the sharepoint based sites and features.

What is a Site Collection in SharePoint?

1.A site collection is a set of web sites.

2. Every site collection has top-level site, created when the site collection is created.

3. There might be multiple site collections in web application and each site collection may have a multiple child sites.

What is the difference between Site Definition and Site template?

1. To create or use site definition you need server admin access, but site template can install from web UI by site owners.
2. Site definition supports feature stapling, but for site template additional features must be activated in gallery.
3. Site definitions are stored in hard disk, but site templates are stored in content DB.
4. Site definition can provision multiple webs, but site templates for single web only.
5. Creating site definition is relatively complex then site template creation.

What is BDC and how it is differ from BCS?

BDC (Business Data Catalogue) is use to connect an external database and view it in share point.
BCS (Business connectivity Services) is new in SharePoint2010. Using BDC one can only read from external Database, but using BCS one can read and write into the external Database.

Explain the Share Point Architecture.

Having 3 layers, like 3 tire architecture

1. WFE <Front End Web Server>
2. Application Layer
3. Data base Layer


1. WFE :-
Here we have share point Installed.
We have 12-hive structure & virtual drives.
Here IIS web sites are hosted.
Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

2. Application Lay er:-
Share Point provides different services.
This layer provides those services, like my site hosting, user profile & searching etc.
One server can be dedicated to particular service depend upon the scalability.

3. Data Base Layer :-
Here we have SQL server installed.
Here content DB is hosted.
For moss 2007, it is SQL server 2005. For Share Point 2010, it is SQL server 2008.
Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

* Every layer has load balancer for control the traffic.

How to deploy wsp ?

In Command prompt, navigate to the 12-hive bin folder, then write the command to add the solution i.e.
Stsadm -o addsolution -filename filelocation

Then go to “central administration -> operations” under “global configuration” there is “solution management” click on that.

Then click on “wsp file name”, and then click on “deploy solution” for deploy it, for retrieve click on “retrieve solution”, for remove it click on “remove solution” after retrieve it.

How to do SharePoint 2010 Content Deployment?

ontent deploy can be use to export (deploy) content from one site collection to another site collection. content deployment is taking care of following contents in the source site collection.

Web pages – Deploy corresponding images styles , master pages and etc.
libraries
lists
resources
Content Deployment do not deploy

programs
assemblies
features
configuration information(Web.config)

Fastsearch features‏?

Thumbnails and previews for documents — Word and PowerPoint files in the search result will be displayed with a thumbnail of the cover page. Moreover, PowerPoint files can be previewed in the results list without opening the file, either with a PowerPoint client or with Office Web Applications. These capabilities can help end users visually find the expected content.
View in browser — By using Office Web Applications, Office files can be opened in the browser, without installing the thick client on the computer.
Visual search capabilities that provide an engaging, useful, and efficient way for information workers to interact with search results
Conversational search capabilities that provide ways for information workers to interact with and refine their search results, so that they can quickly find the information they require
Contextual search capabilities that allow you to associate Best Bets, Visual Best Bets, document promotions, document demotions, site promotions, and site demotions with defined user contexts in order to personalize the experience for information workers
Social search provides a  people search center which provides specific capabilities for connecting with people

What is federated Search?

Federated search   In this approach, you are enabled to display search results for additional content that is not crawled by your search server. With federation, the query can be performed over the local content index, or it can be forwarded to an external content repository where it is processed by that repository’s search engine. The repository’s search engine then returns the results to the search server. The search server formats and renders the results from the external repository within the same search results page as the results from the search server’s own content index.

Applies to: Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 search and Microsoft FAST Search Server 2010 for SharePoint
Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 search provides two approaches for processing queries to return search results:
Content crawling   In this approach, results are returned from the Search service application’s content index based on the user's query. The content index contains content that is crawled by the Search service application, and includes text content and metadata for each content item.
Federated search   In this approach, you are enabled to display search results for additional content that is not crawled by your search server. With federation, the query can be performed over the local content index, or it can be forwarded to an external content repository where it is processed by that repository's search engine. The repository's search engine then returns the results to the search server. The search server formats and renders the results from the external repository within the same search results page as the results from the search server's own content index.
This topic provides an overview of federated search in SharePoint Enterprise Search.

FederateSearch‏ in sharepoint2010?

Advantages of crawling content with SharePoint Enterprise Search
By querying the Search service application's content index for search results, you can do the following:
Sort results by relevance.
Control how frequently the content index is updated.
Specify what metadata is crawled.
Perform a single backup operation for crawled content.
Advantages of federating content with SharePoint Enterprise Search
By using federated search to return search results:
You require no additional capacity requirements for the content index, as content is not crawled by SharePoint Enterprise Search.
You can take advantage of a repository’s existing search engine. For example, you can federate to an Internet search engine to search the Web.
You can optimize the content repository's search engine for the repository's specific set of content, which might provide better search performance on the content set.
You can access repositories that are secured against crawls, but which can be accessed by search queries.

What Is a Personal Site?

A personal site is a site that belongs to a specific user and is used to show user
information that belongs, personally, to that user. The user can upload documents to a
personal document library in the personal site, and only that user will be able to see
and manage these documents.

What Is a List?

A SharePoint list is a container for information, similar to a very simple database or
spreadsheet. Using a list is the most common way to manage information in a
SharePoint site.
In a list, data is gathered in rows, and each row is known as a list item. A list can have
multiple columns—also known as properties, fields, or metadata. So a list item is a
row with data in those columns.

What are sharepoint2010 listTypes?

SharePoint 2010 provides many kinds of lists that you can use to track information. A list is similar to an Excel spreadsheet or a table in Access database. Unlike a spreadsheet that is blank when you first create it, SharePoint provides several predefined lists. These lists have columns and forms that make it possible for you to track everything from contacts to tasks.
SharePoint provides three basic kinds of lists:
Communications lists are used to track announcements, contacts, and discussion boards.
Tracking lists are used to track information such as links, calendars, tasks, issues, and surveys.
Custom lists provide a starting template that you can build on to create a list with the exact columns you need.

What Is an External List?

SharePoint 2010 has introduced a new type of List called the External List.  The External List is used for displaying content that comes from Business Connectivity Services (BCS) Enterprise content types.
It is not a SharePointlist at all because it doesn’t store information inside it. An external list is a view on external data—that is, data that is contained not within SharePoint but in external databases and systems.

What Is a Document Library?

A document library a special instance of a list, in which every list item is a file, as
shown in Figure 1.8. Files can be Microsoft Office documents, Adobe Acrobat documents
(PDF files), or any other type of file that the system administrator allows. This
book often refers to document libraries as simply libraries.

What Is a Wiki Page Library?

A wiki page library is a special instance of a document library that is designed to store
web pages. On those web pages, you can display different types of content—text,
images, videos, and web parts.

What Is a Form Library?

A form library is much like a document library, but it is supposed to host only
Microsoft InfoPath forms. Microsoft InfoPath is electronic form-creation software
that integrates with SharePoint. Forms created with InfoPath can be published to
SharePoint form libraries, and users can then fill out these forms.

What Is an Asset Library?

An asset library is a special instance of a document library that is specially designed to
store digital assets such as images, audio files, and videos.

What Is a Slide Library?

A slide library is a special type of library that has features not available in other types.
This library type (shown in Figure 1.10) is designed to help people in an organization
collaborate to create PowerPoint presentations by sharing slides. One user can allow
other users to import those slides into their presentations.

What Is a Picture Library?

A picture library is a special type of a document library that is dedicated to images. A
picture library is useful for sharing photos with other people.

What Is a View?

Using views is a useful way for a list manager to create different ways to show the
information in a list or library. Different views may show different columns and have
different sorting and filtering, grouping, and styles.

What Are Web Parts?

Web parts are the building blocks of pages in SharePoint. They are components that
show data, and they can be placed in certain regions of a page—known as web part
zones. A page can hold many web parts, in different zones or in the same zone. They
may be one under another in some zones and side-by-side in other zones.
For example, to show on the home page of a site the contents of a list of links, you can
use a web part that displays the content of a list.

What Are Alerts?

Using alerts is a great way to be notified by e-mail of changes in lists and libraries or
even specific documents or list items.
SharePoint has a built-in alert mechanism that enables users to register for different
kinds of alerts. Basically, a user selects the piece of content she wants to be alerted on
and requests that SharePoint send her an e-mail when that content changes.

What Is a Site Column?

A site column is a column for a list or a document library that can be used in all
document libraries or lists in the site in which it is created, as well as in the subsites
for that site.A site manager can define a specific column of data once and manage it from a central
location instead of creating that column many times in many lists and libraries. In
addition, content types can only use site columns.

What Is a Content Type?

lists and document libraries can store different kinds of content, known as content types. A site manager can create and manage the content types in a site. The content types are then available in that site and in all the
sites under it.A content type is a reusable collection of metadata (columns), workflow, behavior, and other
settings for a category of items or documents in a Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 list or document library. Content types enable you to manage the settings for a category of information in a centralized, reusable way.

What Is Managed Metadata?

Managed metadata is a hierarchical collection of centrally managed terms that you can define, and then use as attributes for items in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010.To create hierarchical term sets that can then be used in document libraries and lists as columns.For example, if you have a term set called Products, you could have a term for each product that you have in the organization.

What Is a Workflow?

In SharePoint, a workflow is a series of steps—some automatic, some manual—that must be performed as part of a business process for a document or a list item.For example, the most common workflows for documents are review and approval.Some important documents (for example, contracts) need to go through several steps of approval from different people before they can be officially considered final and
published.Workflows are the way an organization functions, a series of actions that correspond to a work process, such as the process for purchase orders.SharePoint 2010 helps you automate these workflows, thereby increasing the efficiency and productivity of the organization.

What are the types of workflow that you can design in SharePoint 2010?

 you can design List Workflows, Reusable List Workflows and Site workflows using SharePoint designer 2010.

What are the webparts in sharepoint2010?

Webparts are located in webpart zones.It can display various sources such as Lists,Search,Forms,other webpages.

What is the use of sharepoint designer2010?
1)Edit pages in advancemode.
2)Customize masterpages and page layouts.
3)Edit any file from website structure.

What are sites available in  SharePoint?

      Team Site

      Blank Site

      Document Workspace

      Blog

      Group Work Site

      Visio Process Repository

      Basic Meeting Workspace

      Blank Meeting Workspace

      Decision Meeting Workspace

      Social Meeting Workspace

      Multipage Meeting Workspace

      Assets Web Database

      Charitable Contributions Web Database

      Contacts Web Database

      Issues Web Database

      Projects Web Database

      Document Center

      Records Center

      Business Intelligence Center

      My Site Host

      Personalization Site

      Enterprise Search Center

      Basic Search Center

      FAST Search Center

      Enterprise Wiki

      Publishing Portal

      Publishing Site

What are the types of authentication available for SharePoint 2010 ?

      Claims

      Windows

      Forms-based authentication

What is the User Profile service?

Allows configuring and managing User profile properties, Audiences, Profile synchronization settings, organization browsing and management settings, and My Site settings

What is Performance Point Services?

Allows users to monitor and analyze a business by building dashboards, scorecards, and key performance indicators (KPIs).

What is the difference between Classic mode authentication and Claims-based authentication?

As the name implies, classic authentication supports NT authentication types like Kerberos, NTLM, Basic, Digest, and anonymous. Claims based authentication uses claims identities against a against a trusted identity provider.

What is Visio Services?

Allows users to share and view Microsoft Visio Web drawings. The service also enables data-connected Microsoft Visio 2010 Web drawings to be refreshed and updated from various data sources.

What is Access Services?

Allows users to edit, update, and create linked Microsoft Access 2010 databases that can be viewed and manipulated by using an internet browser, the Access client, or a linked HTML page.

What is Excel Services?

Allows sharing, securing, managing, and using Excel 2010 workbooks in a SharePoint Server Web site or document library. Excel Services consists of the Excel Calculation Services (ECS), Microsoft Excel Web Access (EWA), and Excel Web Services (EWS) 

components

What is the Secure Store Service (SSS)?

A secure database for storing credentials that are associated with application IDs

What are cmdlet's?

Windows PowerShell introduces the concept of a cmdlet which are simple build in commands, written in a .net language like C# or VB.

Which is faster a WebPart or a User Control?

A WebPart renders faster than a User Control. A User Control in SharePoint is usually loaded by a webpart which adds an overhead. User Controls however, gives you an Interface to add controls and styles.